Test

Today in Western Civ class, we took a test which was quite easy i thought. i got an 87% and a lot of people didn't do as well so i was pretty happy with that. The rest of class Mr. Schick graded them and then we ran out of time. The bell was a lot shorter today due to the senior assembly this morning. so each class was only about 30 minutes long.

Test Tomorrow

Today in Western Civilization Class, we were reviewing for the test that will take place tomorrow. We reviewed by having Matt and Phil teach the class.  There review was pretty funny and Mr. Schick told us what some of the test questions will be and some of the ideas for the test.

Test ideas:

• France comes from the Franks
• Clovis has a battlefield conversation- he and his warriors become Christians, he prayed to God and they won the battle 
• Clovis and the Church works together- people liked this 
• Church + Frankish Rules = rise in Christianity 
• 520- Benedict wrote the rules for monks 
• vows of poverty 
• chastity 
• obedience 
• Scholastica writes the rules for the nuns 
• operate schools 
• Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies
• This is a THEOCRACY
• CHRISTENDOM- Christians in the Kingdom
• Most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms (7 in England alone) 
• Charles the Hammer 
• Charles the Hammer defeats a MUSLIM raiding party 
• if he did not do this, we could be muslim 
• PEPIN THE SHORT- Charles the Hammer's son
• Pepin has two sons 
• Carolman- dies in 771 
• Charlemagne (Charles the Great) - 6"4 
• CHARLEMAGNE 
• built the greatest empire since Rome
• fought the Muslims in spain 
• Fought the Germanic Tribes
• spread Christianity 
• Reunited Western Europe 
• Became the most powerful king in western Europe 
• Pope Leo III crowned his emperor 
• this signaled the joining of Germanic powerful Church and the heritage of the Roman Empire 
• Limited the authority of the nobles 
• regularly visited his kingdom 
• kept close watch on his huge estates 
• cultural revival 
• learning
• ordered monasteries to open schools 
• opened a palace school 
• His son- Louis the Pious (ineffective) 
• Louis has 3 sons 
• Lothair 
• Charles the Bald 
• Louis the German 
• Split up the kingdom at the TREATY OF VERDUN- 843 AD

More Notes

Today in Western Civilization Class, we went over the notes again for the people who were not here yesterday.  Then we had the rest of the class to basically do nothing. Mr. Schick said we can work on our homework but everyone was talking so we did not really do anything else.

Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne

Setting the Stage

• Middle Ages - medieval period
• 476-1453 AD Exact Dates (from the end of the Roman Empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks) 
• Medieval Europe of fragmented 

This is a new society

This new society has its roots in: 

• Classical heritage of Rome
• Beliefs of the Roman Catholics 
• customs of various Germanic tribes 

5th Century Germanic Invaders 

Overrun the western half of the Roman Empire causing

• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas 

Russian is not a romance language

Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor, he provides with them with food, weapons, treasure

• Result: 
• No orderly government

Theocracy- Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads and raise armies, 

Charles the Hammer- Battle Of Tours

Charles the Hammer's son is Pepin the Short

Middle Ages-

A European Empire Evolves

• Franks control largest European Kingdom
• the Roman Province formerly known as Gaul
• Ruled by Clovis- the Merovingian Dynasty
• Major Domo- mayor of the palace- rule the kingdom 
• Charles Martel- Charles the Hammer
• Extended the Franks' reign to the north, south and east
• Defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732- historic battle
• Charles the Hammer's son- Pepin the Short
• possibly named for his unusual hair cut
• working for and with the Pope, Pepin fought for the Lombards
• Pope Stephen II named Pepin "king by the grace of God"- the beginning the Carolingian Dynasty- 751-987 AD
• Pepin the Short had two sons- Carolman and Charles
• Carolman died, leaving Charlemagne 

Charlemagne takes the stage

• Charlemagne aka Charles the Great
• 6'4 height
• built the greatest empire since Rome
• Fought the muslims in Spain
• Fought Germanic tribes
• Spread christianity 
• Reunited Western Europe 
• Became the most powerful king in western Europe
• Pope Leo III crowned him emperor in 800 AD after her defended him from an unruly Roman mob
• this signaled the joining of Germanic power, the church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire 
• Charlemagne's government 
• He limited the authority of the nobles
• he regularly visited every part of the kingdom
• kept close watch on his huge estates
• cultural revival 
• encouraged learning 
• ordered monasteries to open schools
• opened a palace school
• but his heirs
• his son- Louis the Pious was ineffective 
• Louis' three sons - Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German- split up the kingdom at the Treaty of Verdun- in 843 AD

Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne

Main Idea: 

• Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

Why is matters now? 

• Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern europe, which is where many of us came from 

Setting the Stage

• middle ages- medieval period
• 500-1500 AD
• medieval europe is fragmented 

A.  Invasions trigger changes in Western Europe

     1. invasions and constant warfare spark new trends 

        a. disruption of trade 

           i. Europe's cities are not longer economic centers 

          ii. money is scarce 

       b. downfall of cities

          i. cities are not longer centers of administration 

       c. popular shifts

         i. nobles retreat to the rural area

         ii. cities don't have strong leadership

    2. decline of learning

            a. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition

            b. only priests and church officials could read and write

            c. knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost

   3. loss of a common language

            a. dialects develop in different regions

            b. by the 800s, French Spanish and other roman- based languages are evolving from Latin

***main language was Latin***

B. Germanic kingdoms emerge 

• the concept of government changes
• Roman Society- loyal to public government 
• Germanic Society loyal to family 
• Germanic chief led warriors 
• During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the Lord's hall) 
• During wartime, warriors fought for the Lord 
• They do not know or care for the king
• Franks live in the Roman province of Gaul - their leader is Clovis 
• The Franks under Clovis
• another battlefield conversion 
• Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop 
• The Church in Rome approves of this "alliance" 
• Clovis and the church begin the work together

Clovis' military expertise + the Church's support and money = a strategic alliance between two powerful forces!

collect tithes (like taxes)

 C. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity

• (Pope) Gregory I expands papal power
• papacy- pope's office 
• Secular Power - worldly power
• Papal power (power of the pope) is political power, presented from the Pope's palace) 
• the church can use church money to 
• raise armies 
• repair road
• help the poor
• Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom) 
• 511 AD- Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom 
• 600 AD- Church and Frankish rules convert many 
• Fear of muslims in southern Europe spur many to become christians 
• Monasteries and Convents
• 520 AD- Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries 
• poverty, chastity, obedience, study 
• his sister Scholastica did the same for nuns in convents
• 731 AD- the Venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England 
• Monks opened schools, maintained libraries and copied books (Bibles, Greek texts) 

 

Middle Ages (feudalism)

Today in class, we went over the notes that we took on page 151. We learned about the time after the Roman empire. Mr. Schick told us that we should put all the notes in our own words so that we understood what we were righting. We talked about a couple of new vocabulary words.

• Christendom- combination of Christianity and Kingdom 
• Taxes/ tithe- tithing is that you have to give 10% of earnings to Church 
• Byzantine Empire- the Eastern part of the Roman Empire was called this

We also learned that in the Empire, they were speaking more Greek instead of Latin like... 

• Socrates 
• Plato 
• playwrights

Some people knew how to speak and write in Greek and Latin. Also, most of the Romans did not focus on education. They more focused on their welfare. 

This was known as the dark ages because, if they did not know how to read and write, they could not progress and learn how to do more things. 

Romans were no longer the center of social life, warfare, and trade

PowerPoint

• Feudalism- a political, military and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances
• In other words, the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you 
• Lord- "I own land; i need people to help me work it and defend it" 
• Vassals- "There are a lot of us, we can help the Lord hold on to their land", these people end up becoming knights 

The Feudal Pyramid 

King 

The most powerful Vassals (Nobles and bishops) 

Knights- mounted warriors who received Fiefs for defending their lord's land

Peasants (mostly serfs) Landless, powerless, moneyless, rights-less, just working the land for their lord

• Manor: the lord's estate 
• A lord's manor house
• a church 
• some workshops
• 15-30 families
• all on a few square miles 
• Good News: its a self sufficient community 
• Bad News: its harsh if you are a peasant, not learning about other parts of the world 

How harsh for the peasants? 

• Peasants are poor AND pay high taxes 
• tax on grain
• tax on marriage 
• Church tax (tithe = 10% of their income) 
• They live in crowded cottages 
• they live with animals and insects
• Eat VERY simply 
• the church says this is your lot in life
• God determines you place in society 

Tests

Today in Western Civ class, we went over the test grades and then Mr. Schick allowed us to do our homework for the rest of the class.

P. 151-152

Quote: "The upheaval of the early middle ages ended not in a collapse of civilization but in its renewal, and the first two early medieval centuries set the patterns for how this renewal would later take place in western and eastern Europe"

• two centuries later- time of turmoil that will continue for 500 years
• medieval- refers to the distinctive civilization of the middle ages
• Romans gradually stopped working 
• cities were not longer the center of trade, social life, and warfare 
• missionary monks- brought christianity 
• land by the Franks 
• kings ruled in partnership with warrior-landowners and church leaders
• surviving east contributed to west's chaos 
• 700- constantinople ruled by Anatolia
• also known as Byzantium 

Chronology 

• Angles and Saxons invade Britain 
• 486- Clovis leads Frankish confederacy against Romans and rival Germanic invaders in Gaul
• 527-565- Reign of Emperor Justinian in the Eastern Empire
• 542- Plague hits Egypt, then spreads throughout the Mediterranean area and much of Western Europe
• 568- Lombards conquer most of northern Italy 
• 570-632- Life of Muhammad 
• 595- Missionaries sent by the pope begin to convert the pagans of England
• 711- Muslim invasion of Spain 
• 800- Slavs occupy almost all of eastern Europe 

Rome Fades Away

Two Emperors:

• DIOCLETIAN 
• he rules from 284-303
• he thought it was okay to persecute Christians
• thought they were disobeying Roman Laws
• Rome needs a bigger army (400,00 strong) 
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials) 
• Solution was to divide Rome in half- west and east 
• West- was harder to defend (bigger) 
• East- Richer, better trade routes
• There may have been one or two emperors between them 
• CONSTANTINE 
• rules from 306-337
• He was okay with the Christians 
• conversion to Christianity via a cross in the sky (conquer by this)
• PX was painted on the armor 
• wins the battle and starts to trust in the Christian God
• 313- his Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship
• built a new capital on the east
• Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople
• The struggle of peasants
• Life in the fourth century 
• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection
• new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large forms
• peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting hit just as hard as the landlords
• Paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless hard work
• landowners hold local power as courts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire
• foreshadowing feudalism (the system where the manor is owned by the rich, knights to protect, who their lord is)  
• The western empire crushes
• Rome's power is decreasing, while nomadic barbarians gain power
• western empire is too poor, begins to be neglected
• Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
• Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
• Vandals control Carthage and the Western Mediterranean 
• other barbarian tribes
• Ostrogoth's in Italy 
• Franks in Gaul 
• Angles and Saxons in Britain 
• End of an era
• from the beginnings 
• 500 BC- the monarchy is abolished 
• 450 BC- twelve tables are established
• through the glory days
• 44 BC- end of the line for Caesar
• 27 BC-180 AD- The Roman Peace (pax romana)
• To the bitter end 
• constant fifth century invasions by barbarians tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbled
• the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father
• barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him 

The Decline of the Roman Empire

• Jesus spent 3 years preaching, is killed by the Roman Leaders

• Saul (the persecutor) becomes Paul, spreading Jesus' message- monotheistic

• Christianity evolves from the cult status to established official structure

• Priests, bishops, pope, (Bishop of Rome) 
• Christians and Jews were monotheistic
• believing in one God
• this conflicted the Romans belief
• persecution was common
• Christians appealed to the poor, their numbers grew 
• Some Rome leaders embraced Christianity 
• AD 313- Constantine has a battlefield conversion 
• Prays to Christian God and paints crosses 
• wins the battle 
• He issues the Edict of Milan
• a law was passed that you could not persecute Christians
• No persecution, but approval of Christianity, making it the official religion
• The Roman Empire and Christianity are now linked it power and influence
•  Decline of the Roman Empire
• AD 180: Rome has problems 
• Economic (trade became risky, taxes were too high; food supply was dropping) 
• military (frontiers were hard to patrol: Roman Generals fought for control; soldiers loyalty declined and mercenaries appeared 
• Diocletian divided the empire into two 
• Greek speaking east (had more resources)  
• Latin speaking west  (Rome, tradition) 
• AD 324- Constantine becomes emperor over both halves of the Empire 
• Moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople) 
• After his death, empire is divided further
• this time, Barbarian invaders overrun the empire's frontiers
• That's it for the Roman Empire (AD 476) 
• last Rome emperor was a 13 year old boy (Romulus) 

The Changing World of Rome: Emperors, Christians, and Invaders

• Quote: "Instead of dying, the Mediterranean civilization of Greece and Rome began to spread among many still- barbarian northern peoples, until it became the christian Europe of the middle age"  
• Biggest change- the spread of christianity 
• Era of Roman Peace 
• new monotheistic religion = christianity 
• group within Judaism, time of division and uncertainty 
• Christianity developed away from Judaism 
• Empire wide community- Catholic Church 
• Germanic Barbarians of Northern Europe 
• Rome's neighbors during Pax Romana 
• self rule by centralized government 
• openly ruling as an absolute monarch 
• failed to keep the empire together
• resulted in future development of the West
• Rome prospered = christianity grew and spread 
• Christians were harshly persecuted 
• tolerated it 
• burden of government and army became too heavy,
• barbarian attacks grew too fierce 
• empire began to collapse 

Roman Test

Today in west civ class, we took a test on Rome. The test was pretty easy and was really just like the other Roman test we took.  I think i did well on it. We were in a different classroom today because Mr. Torres had people taking a test in his room and we were moved to Mr. Blair's room. Other than taking the test, we did not do anything else in class. Mr. Schick let us study for the first 15 minutes or so probably just to kill some time.

Test Review

• Who was the first official emperor? 
• Caesar Augustus 
• begins the Pax Romana (roman peace and prosperity) 
• Caligula 
• Tiberius' adopted grandson 
• next in line for emperor 
• started well 
• "completely blissful" in the first 7 months 
• bad finish
• began to fight with senate
• claimed to be a God and had statues 
• assassinated by his own aides AD 41
• spent lots of money (the empire's money) 
• tried to make his horse a consul and priest (that's what his critics say at least)

Claudius 

• ostracized by his own family because of disabilities
• he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed 
• he conquered Britain 
• renovated the Circus Maximus
• bad marriage to Messalina (unfaithful) 
• Claudius has her killed  

Religion 

• Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic (one God)
• Romans had many gods, emperor was sometimes viewed as a god
• Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple
• the Western Wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines 
• half a million Jews died in the rebellion 
• Romans were harsh toward those who did not worship the emperor 
• Often used for "entertainment" purposes in the Colosseum
• Christianity grew quickly (10% Rome were Christians by AD 100) 

Nero 

Test Questions 

• Who was the first group to settle in Italy 
• Latins 
• This Latin phrase means "public affairs" 
• Res publica 
• Rome was centrally and strategically located on this river
• Tiber  

Book Notes

Assassination and another Caesar

• The people liked Caesar's deeds
• 44 BC- voted on making him dictator for life
• he never ruled by terror 
• Caesar became basically a tyrant
• March- 44 BC, Caesar was struck with daggers and killed 
• Mark Antony became a consul
• leaders were Brutus and Cassius 
• Octavian Caesar (Caesar Augustus) 
• based in Rome 
• 31 BC- went to war with Cleopatra and Antony- victorious
• returned back to Rome and turned into a legitimate and permanent monarchy 

Page 103

• "the era of the Roman peace was massive social, religious, and cultural changes that would form a new pattern of Western Civilization" 
• Augustus' new system 
• allowed a great deal of self rule
• brought the destabilizing to a stop
• 200 years of stability 
• Historians call this "Roman Peace" 
• Followed Greek models and eventually surpassed the Greeks
• Rome became an inspiration for Western Development 
• Western land was conquered by barbarians  
• Eastern land was ruled by Egypt 

LO1 The Rule of the Emperors 

• The Augustan Settlement
• proclaimed the goal of restoring the republic
• wanted as much power as he could but within traditional government and political framework 
• refused long term dictatorship 
• referred to himself as princeps- first citizen 
• 27 BC- Augustus was confirmed as commander in chief
• The Divine Being
• They thought of Augustus as a god-sent human 
• Augustus' title- Father of the Fatherland 
• Augustus married Livia 
• Vespasian- cynical sense of humor
• Romans believed there was something divine about every matron 
• Reform, Reconstruction and the End of Expansion
• Augustus brought the system of government appointments under his personal control
• Augustus showed respect and encouraged other leaders
• Augustus reorganized the army
• Then Augustus had all the soldiers as volunteers, serving for 20 years
• broke tradition and become the world's first professional standing army
• The End of Rome Expansion
• largest army
• Praetorian Guard 
• near the end of Augustus' reign he turned against any more expansion 
• which had long-term consequences
• Permanent Monarchy 
• everyone was convinced that the peace and stability would last 
• in order for this to happen- he must have put someone in charge to rule when he died 
• Settled on Tiberius to rule 
• they started fighting to Caesar's last descendent, Nero, was to rule
• Augustus' structure held until the end of the third century
• Pax Romana- the era of Roman Peace

Nero

Today in West. Civ. class we learned about Nero. He was a crazy emperor of Rome. He was definitely a little messed up in the head. He wanted money and power and to make a name for himself. He ordered men to steal from temple's and killed anyone who tried to make them stop. the Senate tried to stop him but he wouldn't so they planned to kill him at the chariot race. One of the men told Nero they were going to try and kill him so they the plan got ruined. We did not get to the part of the Chariot race, but right when we were about to leave class, Nero killed someone. and we did not get to see the rest of what happens. we will probably finish it tomorrow

Julius Caesar

*Famous last words written by Shakespeare "et tu, Brute?" which means "even you Brutus"
_______________________________________________________________________________

*Octavian takes the power- Caesar's nephew
-ends up being known as Caesar Augustus (honorific)
-nearly a God in their eyes
-took over at the age of 18
-Caesar's power went to Octavius
-no direct descendant
-ruled for 58 years

*Switches from a republic to an empire, run by emperors

*Augustus was known as the first emperor
-begins the pax romana (a period of peace and prosperity) 
-built roads, aqueducts
-set up civil service to take care of roads, to grain supply, even a postal service
-Augustus dies at age 76 in A.D. 14 and passes the power to Tiberius 
_______________________________________________________________________________

*From Jesus to Christianity
-Jesus was a Roman citizen and a Jew
-at 30, began his ministry and preaching to the poor in the empire and reaching out to the outsiders
-statements like "my kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans (and the Jews) nervous and they began to plan his execution
-The governor of the Roman Province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion
_______________________________________________________________________________

*The word spreads about the risen Jesus
-Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus' life, death, resurrection, and message
-he travels far and wide
-he writes letters to many of those he spoke to- these epistles are a part of the New Testament
-if not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world's largest religion

Julius Caesar Video

Today in West Civ class, we attempted to watch a video, the video wasn't working so we all had to watch it on our own. The video was pretty short so there weren't a lot of notes to be taken. Below are the notes I took from the video

_______________________________________________________________________________

Alesia, Gaul- 52 BC 

Titus Labienus- the general in Caesar's army 

Caesar's troops were surrounded by a quarter of a million Gauls 

Gaius Crastinus- Veteran Centurion

Mark Antony- General 

the victory is regarded as still the most brilliant victory in war history

Caesar wasn't just a military leader but a powerful politician

Everyone seemed to love Caesar until he got too much power 

 

 

Today

In class today, all we really did was take notes. We talked for a little bit and underlined different facts about Rome in the book. We took a few notes and really did not do anything else during the class period. It was really hot in the room which made it hard to concentrate on what Mr. Schick was talking about.

Presentations

Today I went to two west civ classes. the first was section 1 and i presented my project with Erica and Leah, we did okay i guess, i hope we get a decent grade. The food was weird but it wasn't too bad. Then i went to my own west civ class and first Ellie, Carly, and Hailey presented. They did really well and the food was pretty weird but didn't taste that bad. Then Zack, Jevan and Matt presented. There's was good too. Both people of today brought food. We are so used to processed sugars and sweeteners that a lot of us may have not liked the food. Back then, they used honey to sweetened everything so it was a lot different and we aren't used to it.

TEST

Today in Western Civ class, we had a test.  It was only 25 questions and almost everyone failed except for Carly who got an A. I got an 80% so I didn't do awful but it was pretty hard i thought. i hope i get a good grade on the project. So most of the class, we took the test, then Mr. Schick graded them and then we didn't do anything. Mr. Schick was on a roll for being mean.

Rome Notes

• Roman Legion
• army, police force, all soldiers 
• divided into smaller units
• one legion was 5000 soldiers 
• some were just in it for a paycheck 
• others actually cared about their country
• Century 
• 80 people are in a century
• like a Greek Phalanx 
• Infantry 
• people on foot
• ground troops
• all men, no women 
• Cavalry 
• people on horses
• many advantages of horses
• faster 
• easier with spears 
• Punic Wars
• 3 of them 
• First war- was fought over Sicily 
• Second war- Hannibal
• Third War- Romans attacked Carthage 
• Rome won all three 
• Some used elephants which was very helpful 
• Carthage managed to go up and down the peninsula, but never could crush Rome
• Latifundia- Latin word to estate
• When the men are at war, the women most likely sell the farm to one man and one man would have all the land
• the families most likely will move to Rome to try and find work in the city
• Gracchus brothers
• both tribunes
• the rich are getting richer and the poor is getting poorer, the middle class is disappearing 
• suggestion: give the land back to the people they bought it from and fought for it 
• Law passed- the rich had to give some of their land back to the poor
• People attacked then, beat with them with a chair and threw him in the Tiber River 
• Tiberius 
• Civil War started because of this

Roman Project

Today in Mr. Schick's class, we went over the rubric for the project on Rome that we are going to do. Then he gave us time to work on the projects

Rome Notes

Rome- 

• Etruscans- set up a grid section
• Tarquin the Proud- last king of Rome
• Roads- used stone roads to be dependable  
• Had gladiators and entertainment
• made them forget about their awful life

Architecture-

• copied from the Greeks 
• detailed 
• Roman Arch 
• Aqueducts- able to move water into the town 
• Colosseum- series of arches
• held 60,000 people 
• statues in the arches
• able to flood field of play 

Government-

• Patricians- higher class, money, wealth, land 
• Plebeians- lower class, no power
• Consuls- two people, 
• came up with ideas and both have to agree before the law can be set
• didn't like only one person 
• Senate- patricians (aristocrats) 
• Twelve Tables- written down laws, Plebeians gained from this 
• Plebeians needed a voice in government 
• Assemble- like the senate, but for Plebeians, 
• if elected --> called a tribune
• if something bad happened, they would give one person all the power, dictator
• only dictator for 6 months
• then back to senate or consul 
• only one person to be able to make decisions
• consuls were in power for one year 
• did not want one person to get too much power

Punic Wars

• fought between Rome and Carthage 
• The punic wars took place between 264 to 146 BC
• Rome was victorious in all of the punic wars

Book Information

Today, Mr. Schick told us to bring our book to class. In our book, we highlighted all of the important stuff that was going to be on the test for Rome. Other than highlighting in the book, we really did not do anything else. We talked about the new schedule that could be coming when we are juniors and how many different options there were.

Rome Notes

The Latins- first to live on the Tibet River

Rome- first to live on the peninsula, city was on a swamp that they drained

Myth- they thought that the city started when Romulus and Remus were born and had the mother of a she-wolf.

Rome was named after Romulus

Tarquin the proud- he was the last king of Rome before they came up with their own form of government.

Roman Government- combined 3 different kinds of government

• Democracy
• Aristocracy
• monarchy

Patricians- upper class, richer people who had the most power

Plebians- lower class,

Consuls- had the most power (2 people)

Republic- came from the latin word res publica which means the people's business

Rome Project and Chi-cago

Today in Mr. Schick's class, we learned about what we were going to be doing in order to learn about Ancient Roman empire. I think Erica, Leah and I are going to make food to feed to the class. Leah found some good recipes and I think it would be interesting. Also, in the beginning of the class Mr. Schick rapped as Chi-cago and everyone got to video tape it on their phones, i think it will be on a lot of social media tonight.

Plato's Allegory

Today in Mr. Schick's class, we had a very intense conversation about Plato's Allegory. It is about these prisoners who were chained up in a cave their entire life. Behind them, was a fire and there were people who would make shadows on the wall in front of them. During the story, one of the criminals is freed. He is not used to seeing the fire and being able to leave the cave so he doesn't know what to do with himself. He leaves and asks himself "why am i put through this" basically. He doesn't like it. He thought he was being tortured by having to leave and he wanted to go back. He wondered why all the other people got to stay and he wasn't allowed. Mr. Schick also related this to real life, this is basically life our television. We see all of the characters on tv with perfect lives and we think that's what its like. Most people would rather sit in front of the television then go outside and make something of themselves. I actually really enjoyed this class and tying in our lessons of Ancient Greece along with the modern day touch.

Test Today-

Today we took a test on ancient greece. I thought that the test was pretty easy, and it was helpful to be able to use our blogs because of all of the long and confusing names and places. Other than taking the test, we did not do anything else in class. 

Test Tomorrow

Tomorrow, we are having a test on Ancient Greece. today, we watched the Ancient Greece part 2 video again just to review. There are a lot of people in the stories of Greece with pretty weird names so some of them are hard to remember. They have some pretty amazing stories and we do not really know which one is the correct version of the story and we may never know, but it is very interesting to think about. Some of the stories are so great and magnificent that you know they must have been stretched to things that did not actually happen.

Test Wednesday

-Aspasia- influence in the government, Pericles got rid of his wife for her, she wrote some of Pericles speeches

-Odysseus- trying to return home from the Trojan war

-Isagoras- last dictator before democracy, Athenians started "people's revolution", people ran his out of town in 3 days

-Cleisthenes- people looked to him after Isagoras, aristocrat, smart enough to tap into democracy, giving regular people power, and a say in government, first time of democracy,

-ostracize- be cast out or sent away from Athens, every year they would get together and kick someone out of Athens, eventually kicked Cleisthenes

-Xerxes- Strait of Salamis, son of Darius, new invasion plan, says 1 million men will attack, by land and by sea, plan to abandon the city of Athens, burning everything in sight, setup golden throne,

-Darius- battle against Sparta, leader of the Persians

-Pheidippides- sent to go get help, ran 26 miles to go get help, some myths say that he runs to Sparta, tells he needs help and dies on the stop, another one says that they ran 26 miles to warn them of the Persians

-Salamis- strait, tried to get ships into the straits, engage in a small area, sent as a traitor,

Wanted all the ships to get in the Strait, during the day attacked and won, built the Parthenon after this war,

-Pericles- in charge for 30 years, golden age, Athens rises from the ashes and has dominance, want to take out Sparta,

hubris- arrogance, think that you can not go wrong and ignore all advice

-Delian League- all city-states that give money to be protected

Wanted in invade Sparta, thought that they would surrender, the ships that were bring things, brought people that were sick with the plague,

Plague- 1/3-1/2 of the people died from the plague

Pericles got the plague and died

Oracle of Delphi- people who could see things we could not, gave good advice, 

My birthday,

Today, Mr. Schick made me wear a glittery hat and then he got glitter all over me. we also watched a video on close calls and it was pretty funny, so we really did not do anything this class

In- School Cyber Day

1. Greece is a very dry land, so therefore making the answer to number 1 D. mostly fertile land. Mostly fertile land is not a characteristic of Greece.

2. Approximately 3/4 of Greece's land is covered by mountains.

3. The term Barbarians came from the Greek work which meant barbaros, which originally means "not Greek"

4. A megalithic structure is massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs.

5. The term tribe refers to a social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions and real or mythical ties of kinship.

6. Tribes were governed by warrior kings and queens, chieftains and tribal leaders chosen by warriors.

7. The first European barbarians to make contact with civilization were the greeks.

8. The country of the United States would not be considered a member of the Western Civilization.

9. The name of the sea located west of the Greek Mainland is the Ionian Sea.

10. The name of the sea located east of the Greek mainland is the Aegean Sea. 

11. The major crops that the Aegean people lived on are grain, vines and olives. 

12. The civilization that arose on the Island of Crete is the Minoan Civilization. 

13. The civilization that established settlements along the Greek mainland's southern shore and on some islands was the Mycenaean civilization.

14. The civilization that built massive walls to protect themselves from attack was the Mycenaean civilization. 

15. A period of Greek history in which the population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use, is called the Dark Ages

16. The Phoenicians joined with the Greeks as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean. 

17. The 'c' mean around, about and circa. 

18. The colonies are the Greek city-states that dotted the coastlines around the Mediterranean Sea.

19. Ancient Greek City-States close resemble the modern day geographical feature of counties.

20. The form of government in which a small group of citizens dominated, and the power was limited in many ways in the oligarchy. 

21. The form of government in which decisions were made by the majority of adult male citizens was called a democracy.

22. The form of a government in which a self-proclaimed dictator held power was called a tyranny.

23. The form of government in which power is help by a single ruler, and is often passed down from father to son is called a monarchy. 

24. Spartans used the the government system democracy.

25. The Spartans began training males in military when they were seven years old. 

26. the wealthiest city state in Greece was Athens. 

27. The highest fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town was the Parthenon.

28. the name of the southern peninsula where sparta was located was called Crete

29. The massive fighting ships with 3 banks of oars were called the triremes. 

30. A heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of Greece was called a hoplite. 

Short answer.    

1. You recall the time period when the Greek population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use.  What years did this period begin and end?
1. This period called the Dark ages began in 1100 BC and went through the years of 750 BC also. 

2. During the time period when writing fell out of use, the poet Homer is said to have told stories of the Trojan War, and of a war hero attempting to return to his home.  What are the titles of these two stories?
1. The two stories that Homer wrote of the Trojan war were called the Illiad and the Odyssey

3. The word “Mediterranean” originally meant "middle land" 

4. What were prominent and long-established Athenian land-owners called?
1. The prominent and long-established Athenians landowners were called the aristocrats. 

Test Friday

Today in class, we went over the quizlet, Mr. Schick also explained that he wouldn't be here tomorrow so we would be going over the 30 questions and 4 essays that we are supposed to do tomorrow. He also announced that we would have a test on friday. Most of the questions for the quizlet will be on the test. Other than this, we didn't go over anything else. Tomorrow we are supposed to do the assignment that was originally assigned to be the cyber day assignment but we did not have class yesterday so we did not have to do it for a cyber day assignment. We also talked about the different drinking law for many different countries, and how in other countries they were allowed to have alcohol on the student lunch tables. And how in America they banned alcohol in the 1920's so people made it themselves.

Sub

Today Mr. Schick is sick so we had Ms. Stall as a substitute teacher. We watched the 2nd part of the video we started last week and we finished the worksheet which we were assigned. The video talked about the war with the Persians and how they won the first part at Marathon, the again by using the trireme, this time at Salamis. It also talked about the Parthenon and Athena's statue inside. They also brought up the topic of democracy and how they would vote for the leader and also vote for who they wanted to be expunged from the city of Athens.

Study Guide

Today we basically just went over most of the answers of the study guide which we had to answer through the video even though Carly just googled the answers. we also learned that google is a number not just a website . we were very talkative today and it was pretty fun. we had a two hour delay so the class was pretty short and we didn't have a lot of time to finish going over the questions.

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greek Plays 

• two kinds of plays
• comedy 
• tragedy
• One famous tragedy- Oedipus Rex
• fate was killing his father and marrying his mother
• tried to escape this but fate came true
• finally, he took two daggers and plunged out his own eyes   
• take place in theater
• fits about 4,000-5,000 people 
• rest of his life was about shame 
• so many different elements of the stories
• Greeks were so advanced
• incredible art forms 
• always wanted to do there best in everything

Pottery

• mostly used transport olive oil 
• had to be durable and able to transport 
• paintings and inscriptions 
• entire was life was about heros and worshipping them 

Ships

• 172 people in unison- trireme 
• covered with bronze to make a weapon

Aristotle basically started the Internet- all knowledge and wisdom together

Presentations

Today in Mr. Schick's class, we watched almost all of the presentations. my presentation wasn't the best, i was hard to work with the pictures i had. everyone else's looked pretty good. Only Dominic and Logan weren't about to go because of the email not working.  i hope that i get a good grade on the commercial. it took me a long time to get working. so thats really all that we did in class today,

Mr. Perry's Class

Today, in west civ class, we had Mr. Perry as a sub because Mr. Schick was on the senior retreat. We went up to Mr. Perry's room before class and  we just finished watching the video on our own and completed the quiz/study guide that mr. schick handed out a couple days ago. From the study guide, we learned more about the city-states of ancient greece and their people and battles.

Commercial

Today, we just worked on our commercial. i worked with Jesseca and we got two of our story-boards done and some of the commercial and music. we did pretty well. we have to have the music and have narration at the same time so it might be difficult

Video again....

Today in Mr. Schick's western civ class, we continued watching a video and filling out a study-guide looking paper. The video was all about ancient Greece and the aristocrats and the helots. Also, in the beginning of class, mr. schick kept asking seniors what the meeting was about and every time they gave the same answer. Our homework is to continue working on our commercial. i have started mine and its looking pretty good so far. i'm hoping we have time in class to work on it one day this week..

Video and Quiz

Today in west civ, we didn't have a whole lot of time because of the two hour delay, with the time we had, we met Mr. Schick's daughter and watched some of a video and started to do a worksheet. our homework is to keep working on the commercial that we were assigned last Friday. it is due this friday. I am hoping for mine to be good and to get a good grade on this assignment.

Cyber Day- Yay?

Today,  it snowed. not as much as we thought was going to come but enough to get us off school for another Cyber Day. I am ready for spring. I want it to be warm. Mr. Schick told us to just work on our story boards and commercials for our cyber day assignment. He also sent us a very interesting video of him and his horses.  We already have a two hour delay for tomorrow and it may snow more tonight so we could have another cyber day tomorrow, we get more work on the cyber days than we do on regular days, so i hope we are in school tomorrow.  I have completed my story board already and i am hoping to make a real commercial to get some extra points.

Sub

Blog 2/27/14

Today in class, Mr. Shick wasn’t there so we had Mr. Gaudreau as our sub. We worked on a PowerPoint assignment comparing Athens and Sparta. Most people worked in groups and completed the PowerPoint in class. 

Not the real teacher

Ancient Greece

            Today in Mr. Schick’s class, instead of Mr. Schick teaching the class, Phil and Matt reviewed the LO3 section:  The Greek City-States. We learned about all the different kinds of governments and went over Phil’s notes. 

  

Athens

Ø  Trireme- three sets of oars, large sail boat, more than 150 people

Ø  City-States were known as polis

Ø  Hoplite- a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece

Ø  An Athenian owl,  the slang name

Sparta

Ø  The military ideal

Ø  Descendants of the Greece

Need to know for Test:

Location of: 

o   Aegean Sea- east of Greece

o   Ionian Sea- southwest of Greece

o   Adriatic Sea-

o   Crete- Greek Island

o   Athens

o   Sparta

o   Peloponnese

Mediterranean means Middle of the Earth 

LO3

• Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States 

• City-States: small, normally only one town, a few square miles 
• Athens and Sparta were equal in size

• Athens: named after the goddess Athena 

• Athens contained 250,000 people, while most city-states were only 1,000 people 

• Acropolis: the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town

• Fortresses and Temples were so important to the Greeks

• Very competitive and fount with one another 

• Developed at the same time as the Assyrians 

• Far less wealthy than Mesopotamia and Phoenicia 
• Greece was protected by miles of land and sea
• they could not afford professional soldiers or large forces 
• The Athenian owl- the slang name of this tetra-drachma because of the owl 
• Hoplite: a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
• Phalanx: a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
• Monarchy:  A state in supreme power is held by a single (usually hereditary ruler) a monarch, government by king 
• Oligarchy: A state in which supreme power is held by a small group, rule by a few
•  Triremes: massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ship
• Tyranny: rule by a self-proclaimed dictator (a tyrant) 
• Democracy: in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizen were entitled to take part in decision 
• "Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third great civilization: that of classical Greece" 
• Women had limited basis in government
• no immigrants 
• slavery was widespread 
• 
  

Sparta: the military ideal 

• Helots: non-citizens forced to work for landholders in ancient city-state of Sparta
• Boys were taken from their families at age 7, they were taught manly behaviors and reading and writing, they can marriage after age 20 
• Girls were required to participate in drills and exercises, developed into healthy, childbearing women 

Athens: Freedom and Power

• to the Athenians- Spartan life wasn't worth living  
• Aristocrats: members of prominent of long-established Athenian families 
• "Instead of softening their feet with shoes, his rule was to make them hardy through going barefoot... instead of pampering them with a variety of clothes, his rule was to habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so they would be prepared to withstand the variation the variations of heat and cold 

 

The Mycenaeans

Today in West Civ class, we took notes on the Mycenaeans. we learned that they began at around 2000 BC and was located on a rocky ridge. The culture starting declining, though, in about 1200 BC. The sea people began to invade and burn down all the palaces. We do not know much about the Sea People because they did not keep written recods. we know that they were far less advanced and their economy collapsed. the writings disappeared for 400 years. Also, we learned about Homer (not Simpson :). We know that he was blind and his stories were passed by word of mouth. He wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. Mr. Schick even began reading us the Odyssey today in class.

More Greece Notes....

Chronology

-4000 BC- farming and village life spreads from Sumerians and Egyptians lands across SW Asia and NE Africa and the European continent

-3500 BC- Megalithic structures are constructed in Europe, Stonehenge, 160 huge bounders weighing up to 50 tons

-2500 BC- Indo-European nomads from the steppes migrate into Europe; European barbarian ways of life evolves

-1600 BC- Greek fortified settlements along the Aegean develop Mycenaean civilization

-1400 BC- Destruction of Minoan towns

-Language they would involve into Greek and Latin

-Their lives centered around strength and courage, comradeship and loyalty, contests, and battles

-Thinner populations than Egypt or Mesopotamia- they formed tribes, social, and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship

Tribes were headed by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings (or, rarely, queens)

- no cities, no written records, no fixed structures of government

-They were barbarians, (from Greek)

-They adopted the way of life of those they encountered, and as they traveled, this is how civilization eventually spread throughout Europe

-The distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely western

Geography of Greece

Mountainous peninsula
- mountains cover 3/4

Approx. 1,400 islands in the Seas

Location shaped its culture

Skilled Sailors

Poor natural resources
-wood
-olives

Difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small independent
communities

Approx. 20% suitable for farming

Fertile valley covered 1/4 peninsula

Because of location, the Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, and olives

Lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization

Temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer

-Why the Greeks:

-New Ideas
-Incredible art forms
-Democratic government with citizen participation
-Innovators in warfare

The Test

Today in Mr. Schick's class, we went over the test and talked about the game while Jevan and Sarah were taking the test.  We went over all of the answers and Mr. Schick made fun of Carly and her 9/11 fears. I a half bell ring because i got an 88% percent on the test. we had a 1 hour late bell today so class wasn't very long.

Pyramid Game

Today in West Civ, the entire class was spent trying to build a pyramid on this game that Mr. Schick assigned. It was a very frustrating game and right after i left class i was able to finish. Jevan and Phil were the first to finish and then Matt and Zach. It was really hard and confusing.  I worked with Carly and we were getting very mad.  The game was very difficult and i emailed the proof that i did it to mr. schick. i did not read that we had to post it unto our blog until now.

The Greeks LO1

The Greeks

-The first European civilization.

-Quote- "Within classical Greek civilization there appeared ideas, art forms, and types of government whose influence on western civilization has lasted down to the present day"

-Barbarian peoples- distinctive way of life based on farming, warfare, and tribal organization that became widespread in Europe beginning in 2500 BC.

-Barbarian- anyone who wasn't a Greek, into warfare

-Invented democracy

-lived in tribes, believed in myths

-originally, people lived all over the place, not considered Europeans

-Began to migrate into the southeastern region of Europe

-Classical Greek civilization- 800 BC

-Deeply influenced by their neighbors

-New art forms and types of government- lasted to present day

-Greek City-States- based on oligarchies

-Traded and colonized near the Mediterranean Sea

-Innovators of warfare

-LO1 The European Barbarians

-4000 BC farming and village life spread throughout,

-An increase in population and wealth

-Megalithic- from the Greek word "large boulder", massive rough cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs

Chronology

-4000 BC- farming and village life spreads from Sumerians and Egyptians lands across SW Asia and NE Africa and the European continent

-3500 BC- Megalithic structures are constructed in Europe, Stonehenge, 160 huge bounders weighing up to 50 tons

-2500 BC- Indo-European nomads from the steppes migrate into Europe; European barbarian ways of life evolves

-1600 BC- Greek fortified settlements along the Aegean develop Mycenaean civilization

-1400 BC- Destruction of Minoan towns

-Language they would involve into Greek and Latin

-Their lives centered around strength and courage, comradeship and loyalty, contests, and battles

-Thinner populations than Egypt or Mesopotamia- they formed tribes, social, and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship

Tribes were headed by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings (or, rarely, queens)

- no cities, no written records, no fixed structures of government

-They were barbarians, (from Greek)

-They adopted the way of life of those they encountered, and as they traveled, this is how civilization eventually spread throughout Europe

-The distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely western

Geography of Greece

Mountainous peninsula
- mountains cover 3/4
Approx. 1,400 islands in the Seas
Location shaped its culture
Skilled Sailors
Poor natural resources
-Why the Greeks:

-New Ideas
-Incredible art forms
-Democratic government with citizen participation
-Innovators in warfare

Cyber Day Assignment 2

Short Answer A: Name and describe three technological innovations or inventions and the Ancient Egyptians.

One of the main technological advancements that the Egyptians came up with was hieroglyphs. These were basically symbols which is how we know so much about the Egyptians and not as much about the other civilizations. Another form of writing they had, which was really another technological intention was papyrus. This was pretty much the paper that they used to right on. The last invention would be shipbuilding, like the sail boats they use. They used these to ships to ride back up to the Nile after they sail down to the bottom. 

Short Answer B: Describe three important features of the Egyptian pyramids. 

The pyramids are very unique and different. They were built by blocks that the slaves carved and each block took a long time to make it just right. Another thing, is that the burial chamber where they had the Pharaoh, was filled with riches and treasure. The last thing is the hieroglyphics that were painted all over the walls of the chambers. The pyramids are huge with many different rooms and chambers.  

Cyber Day Assignment 1

Essay A: Describe the social hierarchy of the ancient Egyptians. 

The social hierarchy of the Egyptians is pretty similar to that of the other ancient cultures. The only major difference is that the highest in the system is the Pharaoh which was an original thing of ancient Egypt. At the lowest point of the hierarchy is the slaves and servants. They basically helped the wealthy and helped with the child-raising. They did not have a bad life, considering the American slaves had hard labor. Above the slaves are the farmers. They basically raised everything they needed to live. They grew wheat, barley, lentils, and onions. Then came the artisans. They created statues and depicted military scenes. 

Those are the lower of the hierarchy and now we are getting a little higher into the more important people.  Next comes the merchants. They used the money/barter system to sell and maybe would accept a bag of grain. Later came the system of coinage.  Getting higher up to the Pharaoh, next comes the scribes. They kept records, wrote stories and poetry, sometimes kept anatomy and the medical records. They wrote in hieroglyphs or hierarchic. 

Now we are up to the highest people in the hierarchy. The last three are the soldiers, government officials and finally the Pharaoh. The soldiers used wooden weapons with bronze tips. They were also the ones to ride the chariots. The government officials were very wealthy and wore bright white kilts. This group consisted of priests, physicians, and engineers. Then came the Pharaoh. He was known to be like a god. He was the only religious and political leader. He owned all the lands and collected taxes and made laws. There was only ever a handful of women Pharaohs and most of them are fairly famous. 

Essay B: Discuss the importance of the Nile River in the lives of the Egyptians. 

The Nile played so much importance to the Egyptians. Without the Nile, the Egyptians probably would not have been as successful as they were. This helped them to further the advancements in technology by using the sailboat and an irrigation system. It was the major provider of life. They used it to make trading and traveling easier. They used the water itself for drinking, bathing, irrigating, and transportation by sailboat.

The Nile flowed south to north, which is opposite of most rivers.  The Nile flows through several modern day countries like Sudan, Uganda and Kenya. The Egyptian civilization flourished 3000 years before the famous Roman Empire and was the most developed of all the civilizations at the time. It depended solely on the Nile for many things. The Nile would flood in July and leave  behind rich soil and clay in October. 

The Nile also played a spiritual role for the Egyptians. They thought that it was the way to get from earth to the spiritual world in which they prepared themselves for. Thanks to the Nile, the Egyptians had one of the most developed and controlled countries of the time. The Egyptians no longer live this way, but it would be interesting if they still did.

Class on 2/12

Today in class, we first started off by talking about the crazy weather we have been having and if the snowstorm is to hit, what we should do for the so-called "cyber day". Then, we watched a video with John Green, the author of The Fault in Our Stars and he explained all about Egypt and the civilization of Egypt, even though he made a few errors. Then we watched another video which had to do with what the pyramids were like. They were more complex then most people think and had many different chambers. We do not know why this was so complex if it was meant only to be a burial place for the Pharaohs.

Class on 2/11

Today in class, we went over Mr. Schick's prezi and learned about the daily life of the Egyptians. We learned all about the hierarchy that was seen in Egypt. The Pharaoh was the highest up obviously, and the lower was the slaves. For being slaves, they did not have as bad of a life as the American slaves did. They helped with household chores instead of hard labor. The farmers and craftsmen were next. They basically made what they needed and traded with others to survive. High up were the priests, they wore a bright-white coat so you could tell that they richer and had money. Pharaoh was the one who ruled over everything and was called as a lord.

Class on 2/7

This week, we only had class twice because of all the snow days and early dismissals. On Friday, we talked about Egypt and went over the readings we did will similar notes. We learned all about what life was like in Egypt and about the Pharaoh and the Nile. We learned that Egypt was basically two parts, Upper and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt was a thin strip of land of fertile land. Lower Egypt was the Nile Delta. The Nile was the main source of life and without it, Egypt would not have thrived like it did. We learned about the hieroglyphs and the pictures that they represented. The Pharaoh was almost always a man, and if Egypt was in perfect harmony and balance, they called it "maat".  We learned about mummification and what they did to the bodies and how they believed that they would need their bodies and organs in the future.

Class on 2/4

Lo3 Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt

-Grew up in a thin strip of fertile land,  

-The people of the Nile influenced and dominated

-Turned some of these other city-states in to Egypt 

-stretches along the lower reaches of the 4,000 mile course

-Divided into two sections "Two lands" 

-Upper Egypt: narrow stripe of fertile land 500 miles long

-Lower Egypt: fan-shaped pattern of waterways formed by the Nile 

Government by a God King

Tending to the "cattle of the God"

All men and women were under the Pharaoh,

The Great Sphinx- body of a lion, head of king Kafre