- Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States
- City-States: small, normally only one town, a few square miles
- Athens and Sparta were equal in size
- Athens: named after the goddess Athena
- Athens contained 250,000 people, while most city-states were only 1,000 people
- Acropolis: the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town
- Fortresses and Temples were so important to the Greeks
- Very competitive and fount with one another
- Developed at the same time as the Assyrians
- Far less wealthy than Mesopotamia and Phoenicia
- Greece was protected by miles of land and sea
- they could not afford professional soldiers or large forces
- The Athenian owl- the slang name of this tetra-drachma because of the owl
- Hoplite: a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
- Phalanx: a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
- Monarchy: A state in supreme power is held by a single (usually hereditary ruler) a monarch, government by king
- Oligarchy: A state in which supreme power is held by a small group, rule by a few
- Triremes: massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ship
- Tyranny: rule by a self-proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)
- Democracy: in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizen were entitled to take part in decision
- "Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third great civilization: that of classical Greece"
- Women had limited basis in government
- no immigrants
- slavery was widespread
Sparta: the military ideal
- Helots: non-citizens forced to work for landholders in ancient city-state of Sparta
- Boys were taken from their families at age 7, they were taught manly behaviors and reading and writing, they can marriage after age 20
- Girls were required to participate in drills and exercises, developed into healthy, childbearing women
Athens: Freedom and Power
- to the Athenians- Spartan life wasn't worth living
- Aristocrats: members of prominent of long-established Athenian families
- "Instead of softening their feet with shoes, his rule was to make them hardy through going barefoot... instead of pampering them with a variety of clothes, his rule was to habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so they would be prepared to withstand the variation the variations of heat and cold
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